Research Proposal Sample Work 

A Novel Power Quality Improvement Approach by Effective Optimisation of Reactive Compensators and Improving the Inverters

Info: 2233 words Sample Research Proposal
Published: 20th DEC 2022

Tagged: Engineering & Technology

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Introduction

The demand for renewable energy sources has increased as a result of the rising demand for electricity and the insufficiency of the power supply from traditional sources. Since hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are more cost-effective than traditional energy sources in producing electricity, their use has increased over the past ten years.

The electric grid is a dynamic web involving various suppliers and customers, and it also includes numerous forms of transmission, delivery and calculation techniques [1]. Power usage, especially among broad users, is very unpredictable and can differ from time to time, depending on the day of the week. Real use is complicated to estimate in industrial applications since too many variables are involved. Electrical managers have to ensure the stability of electricity demand forecasting [2].

Due to the increasing demand for electric power, the power supply from traditional sources is inadequate, raising the need for power from PV sources. There has been a rise in the number of renewable energy, particularly PV cells, over the past decade as it produce power at a cheaper cost than traditional energy sources. Different forms of renewable energy function in different ways with regard to voltage, type of electricity, and efficiency [3]. PV systems produce DC power, which is then transformed into AC power to balance the grid, where the various sources have to be converted into identical requirements to allow integration.

Voltage and frequency variations contribute to unmanageable instability of renewable energy sources and are often caused by disruptions in the grid, while harmonics arise due to the power electronics converters during the power conversion phase [4]. The critical power quality problems riddling the PV power generation are voltage variations, frequency fluctuations and harmonics. These power quality issues can be mitigated by a more effective power conversion process at the inverter stage. Also, the combination of different reactive power compensators and their optimal placement can lead to better stability and avoid fluctuations.

Related Work

Extensive research has centred on new voltage-source converter topologies and architectures to increase the efficiency of FACTS devices in power systems and, as a result, strengthen the security of the power system. Recently, FACTS sensors and smart management strategies have been more popular in the production of renewable energy sources. An important study has centred on optimising electricity production from renewable energy. The findings of the deployment of FACTS devices in smart grids with green systems are encouraging [5]. At present, efficiency issues have been more complicated at all stages of electrical power systems. Power efficiency concerns have also attracted growing publicity from both end-users and utilities. Maintaining energy efficiency beyond reasonable limits is a big challenge [6].

When utilising power electronic related technology, the issues of PQ concern sustainable distributed generation plants such as solar panel. The key issue of the PQ is variations of voltage and frequency arising from non-controllable inconsistencies in renewable energy. The inconsistent activity of renewable energy due to regularly changing weather characteristics results in voltage and frequency variations in the integration grid [7]. Khatri et al. [8] have examined a model used to estimate voltage fluctuations in sunny and gloomy weather circumstances with a photovoltaic (PV) DG device.

It has been identified from the analysis that transient cloud-based solar irradiation induces a voltage, frequency, and power variations. Automation in manufacturing plants is typically vulnerable to voltage sags since some of the control devices of their machinery run unnecessary at the time of voltage sags [9],[10]. It has been found that distribution power systems are most prone to variations in the medium frequency spectrum varying from 0.01 to 0.1 Hz, in which most fluctuations in wind power exist [11]. Frequency regulation limits of 1% are taken as the threshold for the buses [12].

Harmonics correlated with DG systems may be divided into two groups, which may result in an unnecessary PQ degradation at the point of typical coupling (PCC). The first-category harmonics are generated by the power electronics inverter interface used to incorporate RES and inject active power into the grid [13]. These inverters work at a very high switching frequency and inject these high-frequency harmonics and current components into the grid along with the planned active power portion of the present [14].

Harmonic distortion creates a variety of problems, such as resonance, overheating of wires, tubes, and transformers, and spurious tripping of protective equipment [15]. Fekete et al [16] has investigated harmonic influences arising from both a 10 kW residential PV integrated wi-fi device. PV plants are not the only generators of harmonics in a production grid. The grid normally sustains various nonlinear systems, which capture warped currents. Considering the value of this effect, a new harmonic source has been considered. Influence of power grid harmonics has also been studied

The electricity distributors generally hold the voltage level very high. Load results are based on the differences in the voltage which are above or below the 10% of the rated value, and the intensity level is described by how long voltage shifts continue [17]. Kai et al. [18] have proposed a distribution system model on the basis of working hours of distributed generators, frequency of the event, and the expense of DGs; it is indicated that their relationship on the basis of positive or negative meaning or effect should be delegated among the DGs.

Elazim and Ali [19] have measured the effect of PV systems on the power grid concerning performance and economic aspects when solar irradiance changes due to the gloomy sky. The inference is that with solar PV penetration of 10%, it is unrealistic to anticipate a no‐growth economy. The future impacts of renewable energy options on power grids have been evaluated earlier [20]. Thus, depending on green energy, serious intermittencies would impact the efficiency of the grid. High production fluctuation of the grid requires a constant supply of the grid to ensure regulated supply and demand of the grid and hence necessitates frequency control and voltage help.

To efficiently cope with the unpredictability of renewable resources, the environmental and weather forecasting capabilities should be progressed, surplus power should be mobilised when power output reaches the projection, and dispatchable load should be available to consume excess power at times [21]. From the standpoint of harmonic modelling and simulation, a renewable DG device typically contains a lot of power converter systems and thus functions as a nonlinear load, introducing harmonics into the distribution grid [22].

Aim and Objectives

This research aims to improve the power quality of the generating and distribution system by effectively optimising reactive compensators. The objectives of this research are:

1. To collect the data from an established generating PV station with respect to time, power, and demand.
2. To simulate a SMES for the solar panels in order to effectively store sufficient power.
3. To design a STATCOM device and optimise its location through a bioinspired optimation approach.
4. To compare the proposed approach harmonics and other parameters with existing ones.

Methodology

In terms of voltage, efficiency, and power, various forms of green energy function in different ways. Today, renewable energy combines several renewables, which involve various problems for the power system. Wind energy and PV come with various parameters that need to be modified and combined to function together. Voltage and frequency disturbances in renewable energy sources as well as voltage and frequency disturbances from unreliable grids, contribute to unpredictable performance.

One of the biggest problems for PV-based systems is voltage variations and sufficient energy generations, which lead to frequency fluctuations and harmonics. In order to cater to these problems, a novel strategy is proposed. An MPPT device is required to reduce the variations in power generation and capture the highest power supply from the solar panels

This is especially necessary for large-scale PV farms. The voltage variations may be stabilised by reactive compensation. The voltage fluctuations can be stabilised through a reactive compensation technique. It has combined the use of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) and an improved STATCOM to increase the efficiency of power. An optimisation approach can be used to find the optimal location of these devices. In this research, the Ant Colony Optimisation model, which is a bio-inspired approach, can be used to figure out the best position of the STATCOM device. A collection of multiple PV systems of various capacities are interlinked; then, the installations are grouped according to selection. Various technological parameters, including voltage, frequency, and current, are calculated before and after the implementation.

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