Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Diabetes is a carbohydrate metabolism ailment that has a number of distinct causes. Persistent high blood sugar and problems in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are significant characteristics. It is because of a deficiency in insulin action or insulin production in the body. Protracted consequences of diabetes include retinopathy (cause blindness), nephropathy (cause renal failure), and neuropathy (causes autonomic dysfunction and postural hypotension, sexual dysfunction etc.). Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is the consequence of diabetes linked with a life-threatening condition in uncontrollable diabetes (Almazrouei, R.,2023).
Because of the partial or entire absence of insulin and the overflow of the defend hormones glucagon, gluconeogenesis and the synthesis of ketone bodies are increased in the hepatic cells during DKA. This is a result of the fact that glucagon is a regulatory hormone. A dramatic increase in the passage of free fatty acids from adipocytes, a necessary aspect of a reduced insulin limit, brings on ketosis. This is coupled with an increase in the biosynthesis pathway of ketone bodies in the hepatocytes, which is brought about by excessive glucagon concentrations. Together, these two factors lead to a rise in the production of ketones, which leads to ketosis. The activation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase I that results from the interaction of these two factors ultimately results in ketosis (Farooq, U.,2022).