Q: Where are the apparent gaps in the research provided in the current literature?

• Theoretical Gaps: Theoretical frameworks for unified trust-anomaly are missing
• Methodological gaps: Real testbeds are few and simulations (NS2/NS3) dominate
• Empirical Gaps: Most studies rely on fabricated or reduced-scale test cases
• Practical Gaps: Most models are not validated in energy-constrained mobile node environments
• Application Gaps: MANETs in disaster relief or vehicular scenarios are not well studied

These observations are critical for those seeking gap identification for thesis and how to identify gaps in existing research.

Gap Insight: There is a very substantial justification that needs to be addressed by research in multiplying gaps-effective integrating novel methods-field validation-more use cases.